Operation of a stationary hydrogen energy system using TiFe-based alloy tanks under various weather conditions

We describe the operation of a bench-scale stationary hydrogen energy system comprising photovoltaic (PV) panels, a water electrolyzer (Ely), metal hydride tanks fabricated using an AB-type TiFe-based alloy (TiFe-based tanks), fuel cells (FC), and batteries under various weather conditions. The FC and TiFe-based tanks are thermally coupled to transfer heat when necessary to stabilize the output power, and automatic control is provided via a building energy management system (BEMS), which plans the operating schedule up to 48 h in advance based on the weather forecast and expected demands of the building. Experiments were conducted for 24-h operation on a fine day, 48-h operations on partly cloudy and partly cloudy days, and 48-h operations on partly cloudy and rainy days in order to verify the system. Each operation was performed as planned. Our results show that it is possible to operate the hydrogen system all year round without external heat sources.     

Computation and investigation of mode characteristics in nonlinear system with tuned/mistuned contact interface

This study derived a novel computation algorithm for a mechanical system with multiple friction contact interfaces that is well-suited to the investigation of nonlinear mode characteristic of a coupling system. The procedure uses the incremental harmonic balance method to obtain the nonlinear parameters of the contact interface. Thereafter, the computed nonlinear parameters are applied to rebuild the matrices of the coupling system, which can be easily solved to calculate the nonlinear mode characteristics by standard iterative solvers. Lastly, the derived method is applied to a cycle symmetry system, which represents a shaft–disk–blade system subjected to dry friction. Moreover, this study analyzed the effects of the tuned and mistuned contact features on the nonlinear mode characteristics. Numerical results prove that the proposed method is particularly suitable for the study of nonlinear characteristics in such nonlinear systems.     

钛酸酯偶联剂对磷石膏/HDPE性能的影响

采用3种钛酸酯偶联剂改性超细磷石膏(UPG),将改性后的UPG添加到高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)中,研究了钛酸酯偶联剂结构对UPG/HDPE复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明,钛酸酯偶联剂改性的UPG接触角增大,吸油值降低,201-UPG改性效果最佳,接触角和吸油值分别为106.25°和0.23。与UPG/HDPE复合材料相比,101-UPG/HDPE、201-PG/HDPE、311-UPG/HDPE复合材料的拉伸性能、弯曲性能和冲击性能得到了一定的提高,在101-UPG/HDPE复合材料中的效果最佳,分别提高了42.41%、64.04%、174.65%。SEM测试表明,加入了钛酸酯改性剂的UPG在HDPE中的分散效果较佳;流变测试显示,101-UPG/HDPE复合材料的黏度比HDPE明显提高。     

H2-based synthetic fuels: A techno-economic comparison of alcohol,ether and hydrocarbon production

Electricity-based fuels are one promising option to achieve the transition of the energy system, and especially the transport sector, in order to minimize the role of fossil energy carriers. One major problem is the lacking compatibility between different techno-economic assessments, such that recommendations regarding the most promising Power-to-Fuel technology are difficult to make. This work provides a technically sound comparison of various Power-to-Fuel options regarding technological maturity and efficiency, as well as cost. The investigated options include methanol, ethanol, butanol, octanol, DME, OME_3-5 and hydrocarbons. To guarantee the comparability, all necessary chemical plants were designed in Aspen Plus® to determine material and energy consumption, as well as investment costs within the same boundary conditions and assumptions in all simulations and calculations. Individual technical aspects of the various synthesis routes, as well as their advantages and disadvantages, are highlighted.With an assumed electrolysis efficiency of 70% and considering the energy demand for the CO₂ supply and the energy and operating material demand of the chemical plants, depending on the selected electrofuel, 30–60% of the primary energy in renewable electricity can be stored in the lower heating value of the electrofuel. In the presented results, the costs of H₂ supply are responsible for 58–83% of the total manufacturing costs and thus have the greatest potential to reduce the latter. For the base case (4.6 €/kg_H2), various electrofuels will have costs of manufacturing of between 1.85 and 3.96 €/l_DE, with DME being the cheapest.     

脉动态电解加工多场耦合仿真分析及试验研究

为了掌握脉动态电解加工多物理场耦合机制,针对直流电解加工和脉动态电解加工两种加工模式建立了包含电场、流场、传热和气泡的数学模型来开展多物理场耦合仿真分析,研究不同加工间隙下多物理场耦合作用对电流密度分布的影响,通过试验对仿真结果进行了验证。     

Prism coupling method to evaluate the light extraction efficiency of outcoupling substrates

One of the key challenges in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) for lighting applications is efficient light extraction from the planar, multi-layered OLED stack. Several different light extraction approaches are being explored currently by researchers, however characterizing light extraction films after fabricating OLEDs is not a viable approach when the outcoupling films have large surface roughness and is time consuming as well. Here we apply prism coupling method (PCM), a simple and elegant tool, to characterize outcoupling films. We show the effectiveness of PCM in estimating light extraction efficiency of outcoupling films. PCM can expedite selection and optimization of various light extraction approaches without the need to build OLEDs. The experimental results are corroborated by the optical simulations done using ray tracing method taking into account Mie scattering from wavelength sized spherical inclusions in an outcoupling film.     

Nonlinear model-based track guidance of user-defined points at the vehicle front

Preventive pedestrian protection systems are validated by means of fully automated driving tests reproducing safety-critical traffic situations on a proving ground. In order to assess these preventive safety systems, a precise and reproducible collision of a pedestrian dummy with a specific point at the vehicle front, e.g., the left corner of the vehicle, must be ensured. Hence, a track guidance of this specific point is required. Beyond the state of the art a new nonlinear model describing the lateral deviation of any point at the vehicle front to a predefined path is proposed in this paper. Based on this model the method of input–output linearization is used to design a flexible lateral guidance system for an easy application in different vehicles. Furthermore, the closed-loop stability is proven and experimental results are presented.     

空气中激光烧蚀铝靶冲量耦合系数实验(Ⅱ)

为了研究大气条件下,正焦移距离对冲量耦合系数的影响,采用能量为15.7(16%)J 的激光脉冲聚焦于铝靶前端,通过改变激光焦点距离靶面的位置,获得了冲量耦合系数与正焦移距离的对应关系。结果表明脉冲激光在与大气环境中的铝靶相互作用时,靶面通过能量转移获得的冲量耦合系数与激光焦点距离靶面的位置呈非单调性变化。焦移距离在从0~20 mm 之间变化时,获得的冲量耦合系数从4.4810-5 Ns/J 连续下降到1.6810-5Ns/J,随着焦移距离的进一步增大,冲量耦合系数在20~35 mm 间呈缓慢上升趋势,在35 mm 处升至2.2110-5 Ns/J 后转而下降,在45 mm 处降至1.9110-5Ns/J。文中采用大气中激光支持爆轰波与固体靶面相互作用的二维模型对上述物理过程进行理论计算,获得了与实验结果较为一致的结论。     

Customer satisfaction in dynamic vehicle routing problem with time windows

The dynamic vehicle routing and scheduling problem is a well-known complex combinatorial optimization problem that drew significant attention over the past few years. This paper presents a novel algorithm introducing a new strategy to integrate anticipated future visit requests during plan generation, aimed at explicitly improving customer satisfaction. An evaluation of the proposed strategy is performed using a hybrid genetic algorithm previously designed for the dynamic vehicle problem with time windows that we modified to capture customer satisfaction over multiple visits. Simulations compare the value of the revisited algorithm exploiting the new strategy, clearly demonstrating its impact on customer satisfaction level.